由於美國人生活繁忙、緊張,講求快速,時間就是金錢,所以近年來許多美國大學也在推行日常生活的講和寫,不用難字,不寫長句,不含偏見的「三不」。也就是說,盡量使用簡短易懂的白話英語(論壇) (Plain English),寫得愈白愈好,用字愈少愈妙,使別人可以一目瞭然,充分瞭解。這不但可節省「思索」時間,也可避免對方的誤解。還有,老外為了族群和諧相處,也不使用帶有偏見的字眼。以下即為一些例子,以供讀者參考。/ e# G& {$ R: Q1 a, S5 L* w# L
( _5 J3 P" \9 d8 g5 t, s" `
1. 尤其在商業上,報章雜誌或公文書信上,盡量不用難字 (big word) 或過時的字眼 (old-fashioned word); 例如:
3 f$ i" w& O" f t
. f5 k9 Z% n' X7 L r* s jMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (許多人認為道德教育是高等知識的基礎) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
# Z: a+ X) Z9 T+ ~) a" @! T- O3 u( w2 r `' g
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英畝的土地是本大學發展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,會更簡單易懂。)0 P- ?+ O$ }) b
8 D& @$ U! e/ |. D% v/ n
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (這消息已散佈到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更簡單?) (動詞時態是:spread, spread, spread)
3 _+ e' {$ l' k3 V1 i0 _% |& S2 o$ x3 ^/ h
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (這大學的校長個子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白嗎?) ?3 ]( Q% y! e% O; i U/ Y
8 w- p! ^( }9 f) \, D- }7 ~9 @8 [
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的員工解釋這份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也許更明白。)1 z* M& ], K' `# O W [7 [" l
, k: C& b8 W! M6 w
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想嘗試當個醫生) (如果用try代替endeavor,會更淺白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
0 ~% w: e# W2 R. {
: B' g" F( e0 ]/ q, d
) h) h8 O) y6 v( Q* p7 U/ p/ f1 [, |這就像美國大文豪馬克吐溫 Mark Twain 也曾說過:「我不願在字典裡找長字或難字,我絕不用『metropolis』這個字,因為我同樣可以用『city』這個字來代替」。羅斯福總統為了強調美國政府不會遺忘那些窮人,在一篇講詞裡用了這麼一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」後來被人批評咬文嚼字,賣弄文筆。如果用淺白易懂的字眼寫成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也許更簡單明白!) i7 a( g9 i% d6 D& J
) P' o ^) _+ }, {, d2. 老外也主張不寫嚕囌或絢麗的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子應該越短越好,一句能用兩個字,絕不多加一個。 例如:
& p' v) ]$ U! H6 w- z9 {9 w) p$ K
% S# e. }# V! YAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (現在我們應該為我們的目標團結一致)(如果說:Now, we should pull……更簡單。因為 at this point in time = now)
+ }. f( G1 s6 w3 K' d) ?! \+ a) J7 [7 l+ W: i t3 g
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (雖然我的英語不好,但我不灰心。) (如果說:Although my English is not…… 就更簡短。因為despite the fact tha t= although = Though)) K1 D+ w# `0 x5 _
7 A6 {& x7 _8 J- {0 [1 e5 s' eI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生應該辭職) (假如說:I think Mr. Lee should……不是更簡單嗎?因為I am of the opinion = I think)
: E' V6 G+ Q3 p% e8 [# f' L) m+ c7 c$ i# ?* T( P
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由於生病而辭職) (若說:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更簡單。因為 due to the fact that = because)# k7 ]# r+ y% h' y2 K/ P% E( _
& i; i- L- T5 c) \, X7 a) p
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜歡騎單車到辦公室) (如果說:Usually, he likes to ride…… 更簡單。因為 in the majority of cases = usually)
2 q7 k3 D2 n, ^% z c$ G0 I9 w! V$ ]! u* G: ]$ K: w
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜歡茶而不是咖啡) (若說:She prefers tea rather……更簡短清楚,因為 show a preference for = prefer)0 k, {" D/ [" v; m6 z i/ P
' }9 @2 Q* X) T% g
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)8 p9 v* G9 L0 P1 \1 A
! l$ N; m1 a5 _如果只說:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更簡單嗎?因為 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最後面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意義的重複或用字的多餘 (redundant); 例如:3 U9 g- r3 n3 F" D1 B
; O3 [6 I% x" f& e* ]0 o' I) j; A6 e
3. 老外為了族群和諧相處,除不用歧視或偏見的字眼外,連男女性別,也要避免區別,以示「平等」。 例如:: l8 j4 s0 a( x: q
& Y a5 q% x v' G; K2 w+ U. GMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人類是世上最聰明的動物)= Man is the smartest animal……。 (如果改為:Human beings are considered the smartest animals…… 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 後面動詞要用多數,而 man 的後面動詞,則用單數)
* J, ]4 B" o' a- ^& r# e' |; R
/ n' o) Z0 k1 k! JManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (發展這裡的經濟,似乎缺乏人力資源。)(如果說:Labor power seems not strong enough… 也就沒有「男性主義」的感覺。可見 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) U6 B8 A! m/ W8 V
7 m' Z3 g0 g5 Y8 f/ E" g) CThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(這個小公司昨天請來一名清潔女工)(如果說:This small company hired an office cleaner…也就沒有男女之分了)) Y. ^4 ~2 {% G" f) G, s
當然,一些帶有種族偏見的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要盡量避免使用,以免鬧出麻煩。例如:
' u# R5 g: M5 S7 T1 e
3 ?* _9 ]8 u6 n, ^對黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 還可以),禮貌的說法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;$ B4 s5 n0 M" x# H
^, d8 @4 [3 O- F' W
對白人不要用 Honky(這是黑人罵白人的用字),正確用法是 Caucasian,或 white people; |
評分
-
查看全部評分
|